微玻璃displays: the challenges and advantages

文章：Yoelit Hiebert

Microleds是一项新兴展示技术的一部分，该技术有可能在不远的未来替代大屏幕电视中的LCD和OLED。微胶片显示器可以提供与OLED相同的完美黑色，但没有燃烧的危险，也可以比任何其他显示技术更高的亮度。虽然概念简单，但使用微胶片制造电视提出了一些刚刚开始以有意义的方式克服的挑战。

顾名思义，微胶片是当今在大量应用中使用的同一LED的微观尺度版本，并基于同一氮化盐技术。微滤线尺寸小于100µm，或者比常规LED模具小约两个数量级。一些微胶质在一侧的小至3µm。研究智能手表和虚拟现实耳机等设备的使用微胶片的研究，这两种都是小型，低能的应用程序，已经进行了很多年。但是，为大屏幕电视创建平板显示屏需要更多的LED。例如，每个像素需要将近2500万，一个红色，蓝色和绿色LED，对于4K，3840×2160像素显示器需要。

The sets of red-green-blue microLEDs are grouped into modules that are then integrated to form the display. The modules, which themselves may contain millions of microLEDs, must be manufactured and then transferred onto the display backplane without damage. It’s no surprise that the biggest challenge in the manufacturing process is the verification of each LED individually to identify failed units that are then replaced using specialized pick-and-place equipment. While the test and repair process may take on the order of several hours, the process of transferring the microLEDs onto the backplane can take days or even weeks.

另一个制造挑战涉及由于相关电路的物理尺寸限制而导致像素之间的较小差距。这种限制决定了微胶片显示器的总体尺寸的较小，直接影响潜在市场，因为大多数消费者都需要较小的电视而不是墙壁尺寸的显示器，而墙壁尺寸的成本更高并占用了更多的空间。

The inclusion of量子点正在探索以减少制造复杂性的一种方式。一种正在考虑的策略是用一个包含三个蓝色LED的像素代替红绿色蓝色组合像素，其中一种将包括一个红色量子点，另一个包括一个绿色量子点。这种方法也可能提高整体效率。

There are, however, distinct advantages associated with microLED displays. The diagram below, while not to scale, illustrates the increased simplicity and reduced thickness of a microLED display compared to LCD or OLED.

这是薄膜透射液晶，OLED和微胶片显示器的构建的比较。

由于不需要颜色过滤，因此与OLED相比，亮度增加了亮度。例如，而HDROLED电视的标准为540尼特, commercially available microLED-based TVs are expected to be able to provide around 4000 nits, with even higher levels possible as the technology advances.

微玻璃lifespan is also expected to be significantly improved over OLED-based products, primarily because no organic materials are needed. Lifespan estimates are as high as 100,000 hours, and while it’s certainly theoretically possible, the degree to which this will be achieved remains to be seen.

微玻璃s are expected to become the standard technology for big-screen displays with shipment volumes ofover 15 million microLED TVs by 2026, according to IHS Markit.Samsung has devoted significant resourcesto this technology and for the third year in a row has featured wall-size microLED displays atCES。

三星设想使用Microled Display供用途，而不是仅观看电视。长寿和低功率要求将使设备始终打开，例如，当不用用作电视或监视器时，例如虚拟钓鱼者或窗户，标题，天气或个人日历。苹果公司还正在探索Microleds作为其智能手表的使用，尽管目前尚无已知的发布时间表。其他电子制造商也正在开发基于微胶质的产品，包括LG和Sony。

-Yoelit Hiebert has worked in the field of LED lighting for the past 12 years and has experience in both the manufacturing and end-user sides of the industry.